1 /* Generic MTRR (Memory Type Range Register) driver.
3 Copyright (C) 1997-2000 Richard Gooch
4 Copyright (c) 2002 Patrick Mochel
6 This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
7 modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public
8 License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
9 version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
11 This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
12 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
13 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
14 Library General Public License for more details.
16 You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public
17 License along with this library; if not, write to the Free
18 Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
20 Richard Gooch may be reached by email at rgooch@atnf.csiro.au
21 The postal address is:
22 Richard Gooch, c/o ATNF, P. O. Box 76, Epping, N.S.W., 2121, Australia.
24 Source: "Pentium Pro Family Developer's Manual, Volume 3:
25 Operating System Writer's Guide" (Intel document number 242692),
28 This was cleaned and made readable by Patrick Mochel <mochel@osdl.org>
30 Source: Intel Architecture Software Developers Manual, Volume 3:
31 System Programming Guide; Section 9.11. (1997 edition - PPro).
36 #include <linux/types.h> /* FIXME: kvm_para.h needs this */
38 #include <linux/stop_machine.h>
39 #include <linux/kvm_para.h>
40 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
41 #include <linux/export.h>
42 #include <linux/mutex.h>
43 #include <linux/init.h>
44 #include <linux/sort.h>
45 #include <linux/cpu.h>
46 #include <linux/pci.h>
47 #include <linux/smp.h>
48 #include <linux/syscore_ops.h>
50 #include <asm/cpufeature.h>
51 #include <asm/e820/api.h>
58 /* arch_phys_wc_add returns an MTRR register index plus this offset. */
59 #define MTRR_TO_PHYS_WC_OFFSET 1000
62 static bool __mtrr_enabled;
64 static bool mtrr_enabled(void)
66 return __mtrr_enabled;
69 unsigned int mtrr_usage_table[MTRR_MAX_VAR_RANGES];
70 static DEFINE_MUTEX(mtrr_mutex);
72 u64 size_or_mask, size_and_mask;
73 static bool mtrr_aps_delayed_init;
75 static const struct mtrr_ops *mtrr_ops[X86_VENDOR_NUM] __ro_after_init;
77 const struct mtrr_ops *mtrr_if;
79 static void set_mtrr(unsigned int reg, unsigned long base,
80 unsigned long size, mtrr_type type);
82 void __init set_mtrr_ops(const struct mtrr_ops *ops)
84 if (ops->vendor && ops->vendor < X86_VENDOR_NUM)
85 mtrr_ops[ops->vendor] = ops;
88 /* Returns non-zero if we have the write-combining memory type */
89 static int have_wrcomb(void)
93 dev = pci_get_class(PCI_CLASS_BRIDGE_HOST << 8, NULL);
96 * ServerWorks LE chipsets < rev 6 have problems with
97 * write-combining. Don't allow it and leave room for other
98 * chipsets to be tagged
100 if (dev->vendor == PCI_VENDOR_ID_SERVERWORKS &&
101 dev->device == PCI_DEVICE_ID_SERVERWORKS_LE &&
102 dev->revision <= 5) {
103 pr_info("Serverworks LE rev < 6 detected. Write-combining disabled.\n");
108 * Intel 450NX errata # 23. Non ascending cacheline evictions to
109 * write combining memory may resulting in data corruption
111 if (dev->vendor == PCI_VENDOR_ID_INTEL &&
112 dev->device == PCI_DEVICE_ID_INTEL_82451NX) {
113 pr_info("Intel 450NX MMC detected. Write-combining disabled.\n");
119 return mtrr_if->have_wrcomb ? mtrr_if->have_wrcomb() : 0;
122 /* This function returns the number of variable MTRRs */
123 static void __init set_num_var_ranges(void)
125 unsigned long config = 0, dummy;
128 rdmsr(MSR_MTRRcap, config, dummy);
129 else if (is_cpu(AMD))
131 else if (is_cpu(CYRIX) || is_cpu(CENTAUR))
134 num_var_ranges = config & 0xff;
137 static void __init init_table(void)
141 max = num_var_ranges;
142 for (i = 0; i < max; i++)
143 mtrr_usage_table[i] = 1;
146 struct set_mtrr_data {
147 unsigned long smp_base;
148 unsigned long smp_size;
149 unsigned int smp_reg;
154 * mtrr_rendezvous_handler - Work done in the synchronization handler. Executed
156 * @info: pointer to mtrr configuration data
160 static int mtrr_rendezvous_handler(void *info)
162 struct set_mtrr_data *data = info;
165 * We use this same function to initialize the mtrrs during boot,
166 * resume, runtime cpu online and on an explicit request to set a
169 * During boot or suspend, the state of the boot cpu's mtrrs has been
170 * saved, and we want to replicate that across all the cpus that come
171 * online (either at the end of boot or resume or during a runtime cpu
172 * online). If we're doing that, @reg is set to something special and on
173 * all the cpu's we do mtrr_if->set_all() (On the logical cpu that
174 * started the boot/resume sequence, this might be a duplicate
177 if (data->smp_reg != ~0U) {
178 mtrr_if->set(data->smp_reg, data->smp_base,
179 data->smp_size, data->smp_type);
180 } else if (mtrr_aps_delayed_init || !cpu_online(smp_processor_id())) {
186 static inline int types_compatible(mtrr_type type1, mtrr_type type2)
188 return type1 == MTRR_TYPE_UNCACHABLE ||
189 type2 == MTRR_TYPE_UNCACHABLE ||
190 (type1 == MTRR_TYPE_WRTHROUGH && type2 == MTRR_TYPE_WRBACK) ||
191 (type1 == MTRR_TYPE_WRBACK && type2 == MTRR_TYPE_WRTHROUGH);
195 * set_mtrr - update mtrrs on all processors
196 * @reg: mtrr in question
201 * This is kinda tricky, but fortunately, Intel spelled it out for us cleanly:
203 * 1. Queue work to do the following on all processors:
204 * 2. Disable Interrupts
205 * 3. Wait for all procs to do so
206 * 4. Enter no-fill cache mode
210 * 8. Disable all range registers
211 * 9. Update the MTRRs
212 * 10. Enable all range registers
213 * 11. Flush all TLBs and caches again
214 * 12. Enter normal cache mode and reenable caching
216 * 14. Wait for buddies to catch up
217 * 15. Enable interrupts.
219 * What does that mean for us? Well, stop_machine() will ensure that
220 * the rendezvous handler is started on each CPU. And in lockstep they
221 * do the state transition of disabling interrupts, updating MTRR's
222 * (the CPU vendors may each do it differently, so we call mtrr_if->set()
223 * callback and let them take care of it.) and enabling interrupts.
225 * Note that the mechanism is the same for UP systems, too; all the SMP stuff
229 set_mtrr(unsigned int reg, unsigned long base, unsigned long size, mtrr_type type)
231 struct set_mtrr_data data = { .smp_reg = reg,
237 stop_machine(mtrr_rendezvous_handler, &data, cpu_online_mask);
240 static void set_mtrr_cpuslocked(unsigned int reg, unsigned long base,
241 unsigned long size, mtrr_type type)
243 struct set_mtrr_data data = { .smp_reg = reg,
249 stop_machine_cpuslocked(mtrr_rendezvous_handler, &data, cpu_online_mask);
252 static void set_mtrr_from_inactive_cpu(unsigned int reg, unsigned long base,
253 unsigned long size, mtrr_type type)
255 struct set_mtrr_data data = { .smp_reg = reg,
261 stop_machine_from_inactive_cpu(mtrr_rendezvous_handler, &data,
266 * mtrr_add_page - Add a memory type region
267 * @base: Physical base address of region in pages (in units of 4 kB!)
268 * @size: Physical size of region in pages (4 kB)
269 * @type: Type of MTRR desired
270 * @increment: If this is true do usage counting on the region
272 * Memory type region registers control the caching on newer Intel and
273 * non Intel processors. This function allows drivers to request an
274 * MTRR is added. The details and hardware specifics of each processor's
275 * implementation are hidden from the caller, but nevertheless the
276 * caller should expect to need to provide a power of two size on an
277 * equivalent power of two boundary.
279 * If the region cannot be added either because all regions are in use
280 * or the CPU cannot support it a negative value is returned. On success
281 * the register number for this entry is returned, but should be treated
284 * On a multiprocessor machine the changes are made to all processors.
285 * This is required on x86 by the Intel processors.
287 * The available types are
289 * %MTRR_TYPE_UNCACHABLE - No caching
291 * %MTRR_TYPE_WRBACK - Write data back in bursts whenever
293 * %MTRR_TYPE_WRCOMB - Write data back soon but allow bursts
295 * %MTRR_TYPE_WRTHROUGH - Cache reads but not writes
297 * BUGS: Needs a quiet flag for the cases where drivers do not mind
298 * failures and do not wish system log messages to be sent.
300 int mtrr_add_page(unsigned long base, unsigned long size,
301 unsigned int type, bool increment)
303 unsigned long lbase, lsize;
304 int i, replace, error;
310 error = mtrr_if->validate_add_page(base, size, type);
314 if (type >= MTRR_NUM_TYPES) {
315 pr_warn("type: %u invalid\n", type);
319 /* If the type is WC, check that this processor supports it */
320 if ((type == MTRR_TYPE_WRCOMB) && !have_wrcomb()) {
321 pr_warn("your processor doesn't support write-combining\n");
326 pr_warn("zero sized request\n");
330 if ((base | (base + size - 1)) >>
331 (boot_cpu_data.x86_phys_bits - PAGE_SHIFT)) {
332 pr_warn("base or size exceeds the MTRR width\n");
339 /* No CPU hotplug when we change MTRR entries */
342 /* Search for existing MTRR */
343 mutex_lock(&mtrr_mutex);
344 for (i = 0; i < num_var_ranges; ++i) {
345 mtrr_if->get(i, &lbase, &lsize, <ype);
346 if (!lsize || base > lbase + lsize - 1 ||
347 base + size - 1 < lbase)
350 * At this point we know there is some kind of
353 if (base < lbase || base + size - 1 > lbase + lsize - 1) {
355 base + size - 1 >= lbase + lsize - 1) {
356 /* New region encloses an existing region */
358 replace = replace == -1 ? i : -2;
360 } else if (types_compatible(type, ltype))
363 pr_warn("0x%lx000,0x%lx000 overlaps existing 0x%lx000,0x%lx000\n", base, size, lbase,
367 /* New region is enclosed by an existing region */
369 if (types_compatible(type, ltype))
371 pr_warn("type mismatch for %lx000,%lx000 old: %s new: %s\n",
372 base, size, mtrr_attrib_to_str(ltype),
373 mtrr_attrib_to_str(type));
377 ++mtrr_usage_table[i];
381 /* Search for an empty MTRR */
382 i = mtrr_if->get_free_region(base, size, replace);
384 set_mtrr_cpuslocked(i, base, size, type);
385 if (likely(replace < 0)) {
386 mtrr_usage_table[i] = 1;
388 mtrr_usage_table[i] = mtrr_usage_table[replace];
390 mtrr_usage_table[i]++;
391 if (unlikely(replace != i)) {
392 set_mtrr_cpuslocked(replace, 0, 0, 0);
393 mtrr_usage_table[replace] = 0;
397 pr_info("no more MTRRs available\n");
401 mutex_unlock(&mtrr_mutex);
406 static int mtrr_check(unsigned long base, unsigned long size)
408 if ((base & (PAGE_SIZE - 1)) || (size & (PAGE_SIZE - 1))) {
409 pr_warn("size and base must be multiples of 4 kiB\n");
410 pr_debug("size: 0x%lx base: 0x%lx\n", size, base);
418 * mtrr_add - Add a memory type region
419 * @base: Physical base address of region
420 * @size: Physical size of region
421 * @type: Type of MTRR desired
422 * @increment: If this is true do usage counting on the region
424 * Memory type region registers control the caching on newer Intel and
425 * non Intel processors. This function allows drivers to request an
426 * MTRR is added. The details and hardware specifics of each processor's
427 * implementation are hidden from the caller, but nevertheless the
428 * caller should expect to need to provide a power of two size on an
429 * equivalent power of two boundary.
431 * If the region cannot be added either because all regions are in use
432 * or the CPU cannot support it a negative value is returned. On success
433 * the register number for this entry is returned, but should be treated
436 * On a multiprocessor machine the changes are made to all processors.
437 * This is required on x86 by the Intel processors.
439 * The available types are
441 * %MTRR_TYPE_UNCACHABLE - No caching
443 * %MTRR_TYPE_WRBACK - Write data back in bursts whenever
445 * %MTRR_TYPE_WRCOMB - Write data back soon but allow bursts
447 * %MTRR_TYPE_WRTHROUGH - Cache reads but not writes
449 * BUGS: Needs a quiet flag for the cases where drivers do not mind
450 * failures and do not wish system log messages to be sent.
452 int mtrr_add(unsigned long base, unsigned long size, unsigned int type,
457 if (mtrr_check(base, size))
459 return mtrr_add_page(base >> PAGE_SHIFT, size >> PAGE_SHIFT, type,
464 * mtrr_del_page - delete a memory type region
465 * @reg: Register returned by mtrr_add
466 * @base: Physical base address
467 * @size: Size of region
469 * If register is supplied then base and size are ignored. This is
470 * how drivers should call it.
472 * Releases an MTRR region. If the usage count drops to zero the
473 * register is freed and the region returns to default state.
474 * On success the register is returned, on failure a negative error
477 int mtrr_del_page(int reg, unsigned long base, unsigned long size)
481 unsigned long lbase, lsize;
487 max = num_var_ranges;
488 /* No CPU hotplug when we change MTRR entries */
490 mutex_lock(&mtrr_mutex);
492 /* Search for existing MTRR */
493 for (i = 0; i < max; ++i) {
494 mtrr_if->get(i, &lbase, &lsize, <ype);
495 if (lbase == base && lsize == size) {
501 pr_debug("no MTRR for %lx000,%lx000 found\n",
507 pr_warn("register: %d too big\n", reg);
510 mtrr_if->get(reg, &lbase, &lsize, <ype);
512 pr_warn("MTRR %d not used\n", reg);
515 if (mtrr_usage_table[reg] < 1) {
516 pr_warn("reg: %d has count=0\n", reg);
519 if (--mtrr_usage_table[reg] < 1)
520 set_mtrr_cpuslocked(reg, 0, 0, 0);
523 mutex_unlock(&mtrr_mutex);
529 * mtrr_del - delete a memory type region
530 * @reg: Register returned by mtrr_add
531 * @base: Physical base address
532 * @size: Size of region
534 * If register is supplied then base and size are ignored. This is
535 * how drivers should call it.
537 * Releases an MTRR region. If the usage count drops to zero the
538 * register is freed and the region returns to default state.
539 * On success the register is returned, on failure a negative error
542 int mtrr_del(int reg, unsigned long base, unsigned long size)
546 if (mtrr_check(base, size))
548 return mtrr_del_page(reg, base >> PAGE_SHIFT, size >> PAGE_SHIFT);
552 * arch_phys_wc_add - add a WC MTRR and handle errors if PAT is unavailable
553 * @base: Physical base address
554 * @size: Size of region
556 * If PAT is available, this does nothing. If PAT is unavailable, it
557 * attempts to add a WC MTRR covering size bytes starting at base and
558 * logs an error if this fails.
560 * The called should provide a power of two size on an equivalent
561 * power of two boundary.
563 * Drivers must store the return value to pass to mtrr_del_wc_if_needed,
564 * but drivers should not try to interpret that return value.
566 int arch_phys_wc_add(unsigned long base, unsigned long size)
570 if (pat_enabled() || !mtrr_enabled())
571 return 0; /* Success! (We don't need to do anything.) */
573 ret = mtrr_add(base, size, MTRR_TYPE_WRCOMB, true);
575 pr_warn("Failed to add WC MTRR for [%p-%p]; performance may suffer.",
576 (void *)base, (void *)(base + size - 1));
579 return ret + MTRR_TO_PHYS_WC_OFFSET;
581 EXPORT_SYMBOL(arch_phys_wc_add);
584 * arch_phys_wc_del - undoes arch_phys_wc_add
585 * @handle: Return value from arch_phys_wc_add
587 * This cleans up after mtrr_add_wc_if_needed.
589 * The API guarantees that mtrr_del_wc_if_needed(error code) and
590 * mtrr_del_wc_if_needed(0) do nothing.
592 void arch_phys_wc_del(int handle)
595 WARN_ON(handle < MTRR_TO_PHYS_WC_OFFSET);
596 mtrr_del(handle - MTRR_TO_PHYS_WC_OFFSET, 0, 0);
599 EXPORT_SYMBOL(arch_phys_wc_del);
602 * arch_phys_wc_index - translates arch_phys_wc_add's return value
603 * @handle: Return value from arch_phys_wc_add
605 * This will turn the return value from arch_phys_wc_add into an mtrr
606 * index suitable for debugging.
608 * Note: There is no legitimate use for this function, except possibly
609 * in printk line. Alas there is an illegitimate use in some ancient
612 int arch_phys_wc_index(int handle)
614 if (handle < MTRR_TO_PHYS_WC_OFFSET)
617 return handle - MTRR_TO_PHYS_WC_OFFSET;
619 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(arch_phys_wc_index);
623 * These should be called implicitly, but we can't yet until all the initcall
626 static void __init init_ifs(void)
628 #ifndef CONFIG_X86_64
635 /* The suspend/resume methods are only for CPU without MTRR. CPU using generic
636 * MTRR driver doesn't require this
644 static struct mtrr_value mtrr_value[MTRR_MAX_VAR_RANGES];
646 static int mtrr_save(void)
650 for (i = 0; i < num_var_ranges; i++) {
651 mtrr_if->get(i, &mtrr_value[i].lbase,
652 &mtrr_value[i].lsize,
653 &mtrr_value[i].ltype);
658 static void mtrr_restore(void)
662 for (i = 0; i < num_var_ranges; i++) {
663 if (mtrr_value[i].lsize) {
664 set_mtrr(i, mtrr_value[i].lbase,
666 mtrr_value[i].ltype);
673 static struct syscore_ops mtrr_syscore_ops = {
674 .suspend = mtrr_save,
675 .resume = mtrr_restore,
678 int __initdata changed_by_mtrr_cleanup;
680 #define SIZE_OR_MASK_BITS(n) (~((1ULL << ((n) - PAGE_SHIFT)) - 1))
682 * mtrr_bp_init - initialize mtrrs on the boot CPU
684 * This needs to be called early; before any of the other CPUs are
685 * initialized (i.e. before smp_init()).
688 void __init mtrr_bp_init(void)
696 if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_MTRR)) {
697 mtrr_if = &generic_mtrr_ops;
698 size_or_mask = SIZE_OR_MASK_BITS(36);
699 size_and_mask = 0x00f00000;
703 * This is an AMD specific MSR, but we assume(hope?) that
704 * Intel will implement it too when they extend the address
707 if (cpuid_eax(0x80000000) >= 0x80000008) {
708 phys_addr = cpuid_eax(0x80000008) & 0xff;
709 /* CPUID workaround for Intel 0F33/0F34 CPU */
710 if (boot_cpu_data.x86_vendor == X86_VENDOR_INTEL &&
711 boot_cpu_data.x86 == 0xF &&
712 boot_cpu_data.x86_model == 0x3 &&
713 (boot_cpu_data.x86_stepping == 0x3 ||
714 boot_cpu_data.x86_stepping == 0x4))
717 size_or_mask = SIZE_OR_MASK_BITS(phys_addr);
718 size_and_mask = ~size_or_mask & 0xfffff00000ULL;
719 } else if (boot_cpu_data.x86_vendor == X86_VENDOR_CENTAUR &&
720 boot_cpu_data.x86 == 6) {
722 * VIA C* family have Intel style MTRRs,
723 * but don't support PAE
725 size_or_mask = SIZE_OR_MASK_BITS(32);
730 switch (boot_cpu_data.x86_vendor) {
732 if (cpu_feature_enabled(X86_FEATURE_K6_MTRR)) {
733 /* Pre-Athlon (K6) AMD CPU MTRRs */
734 mtrr_if = mtrr_ops[X86_VENDOR_AMD];
735 size_or_mask = SIZE_OR_MASK_BITS(32);
739 case X86_VENDOR_CENTAUR:
740 if (cpu_feature_enabled(X86_FEATURE_CENTAUR_MCR)) {
741 mtrr_if = mtrr_ops[X86_VENDOR_CENTAUR];
742 size_or_mask = SIZE_OR_MASK_BITS(32);
746 case X86_VENDOR_CYRIX:
747 if (cpu_feature_enabled(X86_FEATURE_CYRIX_ARR)) {
748 mtrr_if = mtrr_ops[X86_VENDOR_CYRIX];
749 size_or_mask = SIZE_OR_MASK_BITS(32);
759 __mtrr_enabled = true;
760 set_num_var_ranges();
763 /* BIOS may override */
764 __mtrr_enabled = get_mtrr_state();
769 if (mtrr_cleanup(phys_addr)) {
770 changed_by_mtrr_cleanup = 1;
776 if (!mtrr_enabled()) {
777 pr_info("Disabled\n");
780 * PAT initialization relies on MTRR's rendezvous handler.
781 * Skip PAT init until the handler can initialize both
782 * features independently.
784 pat_disable("MTRRs disabled, skipping PAT initialization too.");
788 void mtrr_ap_init(void)
793 if (!use_intel() || mtrr_aps_delayed_init)
796 * Ideally we should hold mtrr_mutex here to avoid mtrr entries
797 * changed, but this routine will be called in cpu boot time,
798 * holding the lock breaks it.
800 * This routine is called in two cases:
802 * 1. very earily time of software resume, when there absolutely
803 * isn't mtrr entry changes;
805 * 2. cpu hotadd time. We let mtrr_add/del_page hold cpuhotplug
806 * lock to prevent mtrr entry changes
808 set_mtrr_from_inactive_cpu(~0U, 0, 0, 0);
812 * Save current fixed-range MTRR state of the first cpu in cpu_online_mask.
814 void mtrr_save_state(void)
821 first_cpu = cpumask_first(cpu_online_mask);
822 smp_call_function_single(first_cpu, mtrr_save_fixed_ranges, NULL, 1);
825 void set_mtrr_aps_delayed_init(void)
832 mtrr_aps_delayed_init = true;
836 * Delayed MTRR initialization for all AP's
838 void mtrr_aps_init(void)
840 if (!use_intel() || !mtrr_enabled())
844 * Check if someone has requested the delay of AP MTRR initialization,
845 * by doing set_mtrr_aps_delayed_init(), prior to this point. If not,
848 if (!mtrr_aps_delayed_init)
851 set_mtrr(~0U, 0, 0, 0);
852 mtrr_aps_delayed_init = false;
855 void mtrr_bp_restore(void)
857 if (!use_intel() || !mtrr_enabled())
863 static int __init mtrr_init_finialize(void)
869 if (!changed_by_mtrr_cleanup)
875 * The CPU has no MTRR and seems to not support SMP. They have
876 * specific drivers, we use a tricky method to support
877 * suspend/resume for them.
879 * TBD: is there any system with such CPU which supports
880 * suspend/resume? If no, we should remove the code.
882 register_syscore_ops(&mtrr_syscore_ops);
886 subsys_initcall(mtrr_init_finialize);